EXPOSITION OF I CORINTHIANS 13 – PART 8
March 11, 2010
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I CORINTHIANS 13:8 – Charity never faileth: but whether there be prophecies, they shall fail; whether there be tongues, they shall cease; whether there be knowledge, it shall vanish away.
CHARITY (LOVE) NEVER FAILETH:
The word translated “faileth” means “to fall.” God’s kind of love always remains positioned on the highest pedestal, and never crashes down below it.
God’ s love never cea
ses. It never ceases because it lasts as
long as God lasts, and he lasts forever, and he is love. His love is as eternal and true as the words of his Son.
Matthew 24:35 – Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away.
PROPHECIES, THEY SHALL FAIL;
The word translated “fail” means “done away.” There was coming a day when they would be done away, in the sense
they were no longer needed.
Men spoke directly the true word from the Lord in the midst of the local churches by the Spirit. It was a gift from God to the local church given by and through his Spirit, while his Spirit was being given as a gift to those he was inspiring to write the gospels and epistles to the local churches, which were distributed and read to all the churches. It was a time when the churches were edified by God from the word spoken directly in the assembly as a gift to the one speaking it, and edified by the gospels and epistles as they were completed and read to the churches. The whole purpose of the spiritual gifts to individuals was to edify the local churches. But there was to come a day when the gospels and epistles were completed, placed together, and canonized as a single document, which occurred in stages. The Muratorian Canon of Scripture was compiled near the end of the second century, the Origin collection was compiled in the midst of the third century, and the Eusebius collection was in place near the end of the third century. There were more than 15 Synods held at Carthage in North Africa between 391 and 429 A.D., and in one of them, probably in 400 A.D., called the Council of Carthage, the New Testament was canonized as we know it today, and eventually became available to the churches in handwritten format. I am persuaded the spiritual gifts, listed in I Corinthians, gradually faded as it was passed from church to church, and are no longer necessary in local churches today. In fact, I believe only the gifts of prophecy and knowledge survived after the New Testament was completed before the end of the first century, and I do not believe these two persisted after 400 A.D. Paul refers only to these two gifts in I Corinthians 13:9, and omits tongues. It must be noted that the subject of tongues is not found in any of the writings to the other churches, and it is quite possible they had ceased prior to Paul’s demise. The epistle to the church at Corinth was his fourth among
the many he wrote, Galatians being the first, and the two epistles to the Thessalonians being the second and third. All four were written between 48 and 56 A.D., and Romans was written about the same time as his second epistle to the church at Corinth. The remaining seven of his epistles were written between 61 and 66 A.D.
TONGUES, THEY SHALL CEASE;
There was coming a day when they would no longer be necessary. I believe the completed word of God is his full revelation, and tongues are no longer necessary to edify the local body of Christ in love. God’s completed word is perfect and all that is necessary for a rule and practice of acceptable worship to God.
The singular and plural uses of the word “tongues” as a spiritual gift, appears only once in the four Gospels. It appears in the later verses of the last chapter
of Mark. Following Mark, as a spiritual gift, when applied to speaking in a different “gift” language, it does not appear in any of the New Testament books other than Acts and First Corinthians. As singular and plural it is found 22 times in Paul’s first epistle to the Corinthians, but it does not appear in Second Corinthians. It would certainly seen that the gifts were rapidly disappearing after 56 A.D., because there is not even a hint of them in the 7 epistles Paul wrote after that time, nor do any of the other writers refer to the “gifts” after that time. In the 17 centuries following, “speaking in tongues” only occurred rarely and sporadically at best. None of the writings of the early church fathers so much as casually mentioned them in their writings, which are of greater volume than the completed New Testament. The only recorded case of any thing of this sort in that age was a movement led by Montanus in the second century, who claimed divine revelation continued through him after the apostles. All of the church leaders and teachers of this age maintained that tongues ceased after the age of the apostles. Speaking in tongues went out of existence until the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It first reappeared in several Catholic groups in Europe and among the “shakers” in New England. The nineteenth century Irvingites in England were said to speak in the tongues. However, for some 1700 years “tongues” went out of existence in orthodox Christianity. In the late part of the nineteenth century “tongues” became a big part of the holiness movement, which evolved into the Pentecostal movement. The charismatic movement was sweeping the world in the early sixties when I lectured in England, and has grown to an enormous giant in our present day world of religion, penetrating into virtually all of the so-called orthodox beliefs.
KNOWLEDGE, IT SHALL VANISH AWAY.
The word translated “vanish away” means to be “done away.” There was coming a day when it would be done away. I believe that the full revelation of the knowledge necessary for the practice of acceptable worship to God is found in the perfect, completed, word of God revealed in the New Testament.
So, in summary, there was coming a day when the gifts of prophecy, tongues (languages), and knowledge would no longer be practiced, but the gift of God’s love, which he placed in us by t
he new birth, was eternal, and would never pass away.
The New Testament is the document that has the full capacity to edify the local church body in his love. The textural subject of I Corinthians 13 is love and how it was to be built up in the local church. In the beginning of the local church, both the epistles and the gifts were necessary to accomplish that purpose, but the gifts are no longer required.
I CORINTHIANS 13:9 – For we know in part, and we prophesy in part.
Concerning the gifts of knowledge and prophecy, the same word concerning their demise is “katargue,” which means “to abolish, to stop, or to do away with” by an action or force acting on those performing the two gifts. Both forms of “katargue” in verse 8, and also in verse 10, are passive, which meant that “something” would cause them to stop. The individuals exercising them would not voluntarily stop exercising them, but the “perfect” thing of verse 10 would cause them to stop.
In the case of tongues, the word translated “cease” is from “pauo,” and is in the middle voice rather than in the passive. And the middle voice, used in the case of persons, means that whatever it is, it will cease by the internal actions of the individuals themselves. I believe it is tied to their spiritual growth, and that the gift of tongues simply faded away as the individuals in the churches grew toward spiritual maturity. The two gifts of knowledge and prophecy are said to end when “that which is perfect is come,” whatever it happens to be. But tongues as a gift is not mentioned as pertaining to the “perfect” in verse 9.
I believe tongues had faded away by the time of John the Apostle’s death, but that the gifts of knowledge and prophecy possibly continued to as late as 400 A.D.
The gift of knowledge revealed parts of the truth, but was not completely mature in all truth. The gift of prophecy revealed parts of the truth, but was not all of the truth completed. All of the spiritual gifts placed in the church at Corinth were involved in presenting the truth to build up the Church body at Corinth, but there was to come a day when they would all be done away.
I CORINTHIANS 13:10 – But when THAT which is perfect is come, then that which is in part shall be done away.
Volumes have been written on the single word “that” in this verse, and most commentaries today say that it is the person of Christ when he returns to earth at his long awaited Second Advent. While I certainly agree that he is perfect, and that he is coming again, I do not believe “that” refers to him personally but rather what he once delivered to the saints before and after his departure to his throne in heaven. First of all, if you will go back through the writings of Paul and count the number of times he used the words Jesus, Christ, Jesus Christ, and Christ Jesus, it will astound you, and since this is such a critical matter, and since Paul loved him so much, I am convinced he would have used some form of his name, rather that an obscure “that.” Secondly, the statement he makes concerning “that” infers whatever it is has not come in the past, and Jesus had come and gone when it was written. So, if it refers to Jesus, it would seem Paul would say “when that which is perfect comes again.”
Thirdly, the entire discourse in chapter 13 has one single subject as its main theme, charitable love, God’s kind of love, love given anticipating nothing in return. So, I must conclude the “that” is referring to the love of God, which is fully revealed in his completed book of his Son’s life and teachings, the completed, perfect, book of his love revealed in the person of his Son, what we call the New Testament. I believe “that” refers to the Bible, particularly the New Testament.
When an infant is born it needs very special care. All the New Testament churches were infantile, and needed these special direct revelations of God visibly seen and spoken among them, but when a baby matures to the age it can read for itself from books containing the same information its parents gave it, then the parents let it mature on good literature of which they approve. God personally put his stamp of approval on the Bible as the way we can grow to maturity, and nothing else should be added to it, nor is necessary to supplement it. All the gifts in I Corinthians either faded away or were stopped as the churches received the completed word.
Revelation 22:18 – For I testify unto every man that heareth the words of the prophecy of this book, If any man shall add unto these things, God shall add unto him the plagues that are written in this book:
I CORINTHIANS 13:9,10 – For we know in part, and we prophesy in part. [10] But when that which is perfect is come, then that which is in part shall be done away.
I believe that Paul had begun to understand that all of the epistles being written would one day be collected into a single document for all the churches to study by the time he wrote his first epistle to the local church at Corinth. And by the time of his departure from this life I believe he was sure that one day all the writings would be compiled into one document, what we call today the New Testament. Please allow me to take what I wrote in a previous exposition of I Corinthians, and include it here. The extract follows.
Paul’s love for the Word of God is clearly manifested in the last thing he wrote before his departure from this present life.
II Timothy 4:8-13 – Henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous judge, shall give me at that day: and not to me only, but unto all them also that LOVE his appearing. [9] Do thy diligence to come shortly unto me: [10] For Demas hath forsaken me, having loved this present world, and is departed unto Thessalonica; Crescens to Galatia, Titus unto Dalmatia. [11] Only Luke is with me. Take Mark, and bring him with thee: for he is profitable to me for the ministry. [12] And Tychicus have I sent to Ephesus. [13] The cloke that I left at Troas with Carpus, when thou comest, bring with thee, and the books, but especially the parchments.
Why in the world did Paul want Timothy to being John Mark with him, when he knew he was about to die? It was John Mark who was instrumental in causing Paul’s breakup with his great brother in Christ, Barnabas!
John Mark has bailed out on his Uncle Barnabas and the Apostle Paul when the going got tough at the foot of the steep mountains of Turkey. Paul and Barnabas met in Syria during Barnabas’ trip to Antioch.
The account is carried in Acts 11:22-26.
Acts 11:22-26 – Then tidings of these things came unto the ears of the church which was in Jerusalem: and they sent forth Barnab as, that he should go
as far as Antioch. [23] Who, when he came, and had seen the grace of God, was glad, and exhorted them all, that with purpose of heart they would cleave unto the Lord. [24] For he was a good man, and full of the Holy Ghost and of faith: and much people was added unto the Lord. [25] Then departed Barnabas to Tarsus, for to seek Saul: [26] And when he had found him, he brought him unto Antioch. And it came to pass, that a whole year they assembled themselves with the church, and taught much people.
And the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch.
Paul, along with Barnabas and his nephew John Mark, later left Antioch on their first missionary journey, and it was a fairly easy mission until they reached the base of the foothills of the Taurus mountains at Perga on the flat southern coastline of Pamphylia. Mark looked up at these vertical slopes and, knowing they had blizzards and great snowfall on the upper plateaus, as well as many robber bands living in them, he headed for home.
Acts 13:13 – Now when Paul and his company loosed from Paphos, they
came to Perga in Pamphylia: and John departing from them returned to Jerusalem.
I do not wish to judge Mark for his conduct, for I am confident I would have done the same, being the coward that I am in the flesh. But Mark’s action a this time caused Paul to believe Mark could not be trusted to take on future missionary journey’s and caused Paul and Barnabas to part ways on their planned second journey.
Acts 15:36-40 – And some days after Paul said unto Barnabas, Let us go again and visit our brethren in every city where we have preached the word of the Lord, and see how they do. [37] And Barnabas determined to take with them John, whose surname was Mark. [38] But Paul thought not good to take him with them, who departed from them from Pamphylia, and went not with them to the work. [39] And the contention was so sharp between them, that they departed asunder one from the other: and so Barnabas took Mark, and sailed unto Cyprus; [40] And Paul chose Silas, and departed, being recommended by the brethren unto the grace of God.
Paul was not a man who preached as “sounding brass and tinkling cymbals.” Paul’s motivation was the love of God manifested in him by his love for the Word of his God. So why in heaven’s name would he want Mark in the last days of his life?
II Timothy 4:11 – Only Luke is with me. Take Mark, and bring him with thee: for he is profitable to me for the ministry.
So what possible use could Mark be to the man who had refused to let him go on the second missionary journey because of his forsaking the work
? The answer is found in 4:13, and is one of the great examples that it is not so much how a man starts the race, but how he finishes it.
II Timothy 4:13 – The cloke that I left at Troas with Carpus, when thou comest, bring with thee, and the books, but especially the parchments.
The word translated “books” is “biblion,” which is a paper of letter written on papyrus bark (the inner part of the papyrus plant). “Parchments” is “membrane,” which consisted of stretched and dried animal skins on which papers and letters were written.
The first books of the New Testament were written on papyrus bark and animal membranes. Most sources put the time of the writing of this last epistle of Paul no earlier than 66 A.D. and no later than 68 A.D., so with this in mind, it is important to acknowledge that only one of the four Gospels was finished by that time, which was the Gospel of Mark.
So we have a worn out old man, cold, tired, and waiting to be executed, in a damp Roman dungeon. What was, and had been his motive for preaching the Gospel? It was his love for his Master manifested in his love for his Word? He wanted John Mark to being him all that he had written as the account of the first Gospel, and he wanted to read it before he departed to the one who gave it to Mark. I believe that by this time, nearing the end of his earthly life, Paul knew that God would one day being all the early writings into one book.
I Corinthians 13:10 – But when that which is perfect is come, then that which is in part shall be done away.
The first “that” in I Corinthians 13:10 refers to the New Testament as we know it today, while the second “that” refers to spiritual gifts, which have either faded away or been put away since they are no longer needed to edify the local church. The contextual subject I Corinthians 13 is love, and “that” is the book of God’s love, the fully completed and all sufficient New Testament.
The word used for “perfect” is “teleion,” which means “complete or perfect,” and the New Testament is both.
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